# CD55 **Full Name:** Complement Decay-Accelerating Factor **Definition:** Known inhibitor of the complement system, a part of the immune system designated to remove pathogens. **Mechanism:** The primary function of CD55 is to inactivate C3 convertases by dissociating them into their constituent proteins, as well as preventing their assembly, which prevents the formation of the membrane attack complex. >Dho SH, Lim JC, Kim LK. Beyond the role of CD55 as a complement component. *Immune Network*. 2018 Feb 20;18(1):e11. > >Brodbeck WG, Kuttner‐Kondo L, Mold C, Medof ME. Structure/function studies of human decay‐accelerating factor. *Immunology*. 2000 Sep;101(1):104-11. # Integrative Modelling **Definition:** Integrative modelling enables structure determination of macromolecular complexes by combining data from multiple experimental sources. **Method:** X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy (EM), or crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS). It is particularly useful for complexes not amenable to high-resolution EM—complexes that are flexible, heterogenous, or imaged in cells with cryo-electron tomography. > Rantos V, Karius K, Kosinski J. Integrative structural modeling of macromolecular complexes using Assembline. *Nature Protocols*. 2022 Jan;17(1):152-76. # CryoET **Full Name:** Cryogenic Electron Tomography **Definition:** Tomograms are 3D snapshots of the specimen, typically at high nanometre resolution, allowing the spatial localization of target macromolecules within the sample. Higher-resolution structural information can be resolved via the averaging of different copies of macromolecules in the tomogram in a process called subtomogram averaging. Furthermore, cryoET supports direct correlation of the tomographic data with information obtained from a variety of associated techniques such as fluorescence microscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). **Method:** A technique ideally suited for the direct visualization of molecules in their biological environment, supporting _in situ_ imaging within the cellular context, is electron cryotomography (cryoET). By combining information from two-dimensional (2D) projections of the same sample imaged at different tilt angles with respect to the electron beam, a three-dimensional (3D) volume of the sample, termed tomogram, can be computationally reconstructed. > Ochner H, Bharat TA. Charting the molecular landscape of the cell. *Structure*. 2023 Nov 2;31(11):1297-305. # Visual Proteomics **Definition:** The combined structural signatures of multiple protein complexes, detected in the cell by cryoET, have the potential to describe the spatial proteome organization of a specific cell, a procedure referred to as ‘visual proteomics’. > Beck M, Malmström JA, Lange V, Schmidt A, Deutsch EW, Aebersold R. Visual proteomics of the human pathogen Leptospira interrogans. *Nature methods*. 2009 Nov;6(11):817-23. # EO **Full Name:** Entrepreneurial Orientation **Definition:** An EO refers to the processes, practices, and decision-making activities that lead to new entry. It emerges from a strategic-choice perspective, which asserts that new-entry opportunities can be successfully undertaken by "purposeful enactment". Thus, it involves the intentions and actions of key players functioning in a dynamic generative process aimed at new-venture creation. The key dimensions that characterize an EO include a propensity to act autonomously, a willingness to innovate and take risks, and a tendency to be aggressive toward competitors and proactive relative to marketplace opportunities. > Lumpkin GT, Dess GG. Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. *Academy of management Review*. 1996 Jan 1;21(1):135-72. # KIBS **Full Name:** Knowledge-Intensive Business Service Firm **Definition:** Enterprises whose primary value-added activities consist of the accumulation, creation, or dissemination of knowledge for the purpose of developing a customised service or product solution to satisfy the client’s needs. > Lech P. Knowledge-Intensive Business Service Projects–Characteristics and Implications for Project Management–a Preliminary Study. *Procedia Computer Science*. 2022 Jan 1;207:176-85. # NTBF **Full Name:** New Technology-Based Firm **Definition:** Young, independent small and medium-sized enterprises that are founded on the commercial exploitation of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, typically sustained by high levels of research and development intensity and operating within dynamic industrial sectors. > Autio E. ‘Atomistic’and ‘systemic’ approaches to research on new, technology-based firms: a literature study. *Small Business Economics*. 1997 Jun;9(3):195-209.