> ## "[UX is] the entire set of affects that is elicited by the interaction between a user and a product including the degree to which all our senses are gratified (aesthetic experience) the meanings we attach to the product (experience of meaning) and the feelings and emotions that are elicited (emotional experience)." > **Law & Colleagues** 2009 > [Understanding, scoping and defining user experience: a survey approach](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=291919361878049568) # 1 History # 2 Significance # 3 Influence # 4 Dark Patterns > ### User interface design elements that compromise user autonomy by preventing informed choices and that may lead to adverse outcomes for the user, such as invasion of privacy, financial loss, and technology addiction. > > **Kollmer & Eckhardt** 2023 > [Dark Patterns: Conceptualization and Future Research Directions](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=6727949828620607854) Dark patterns exist ubiquitously and been well documented ([Brignull et al., 2023](https://www.deceptive.design/)) with over 100 different strategies to capture end-users. ### 4.1 Craftbox V-Play 20K Puffs Craft box sells vapes with built-in games to form pleasure-oriented consumer behavior ([İbrahim, 2022](https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1560410)), an example being Pac-Man ([Wong & Talbot, 2024](https://www.proquest.com/openview/31031fbb220096bfb03bdd8f1fff5551/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2041049)). ![[20250612152336.png]] ### 4.2 Fortnite by Epic Games Epic Games, the creators of Fortnite, has paid millions in damages by creating an in-game environment that's designed to be highly captivating to motivate users into uninformed buying decisions while playing the game ([Smalley, 2024](https://therecord.media/ftc-audit-finds-dark-patterns-global)). > #### "As our complaints note, Epic used privacy-invasive default settings and deceptive interfaces that tricked Fortnite users, including teenagers and children. > #### Protecting the public, and especially children, from online privacy invasions and dark patterns is a top priority for the Commission, and these enforcement actions make clear to businesses that the FTC is cracking down on these unlawful practices." > > **FTC Chair, Lina M. Khan > [Fortnite Video Game Maker Epic Games to Pay More Than Half a Billion Dollars over FTC Allegations of Privacy Violations and Unwanted Charges](https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2022/12/fortnite-video-game-maker-epic-games-pay-more-half-billion-dollars-over-ftc-allegations)** Fortnite here has made billions off of advertised ephemera. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was established to address and fight for people caught in unnecessary situations as part of everyday digital living. The FTC runs national audits on specific companies that work closely with consumers to obtain information about how they treat users who consume data and *change it* in unique ways. ### 4.3 Websites and Apps > #### "The [FTC] annual review, which concluded in February, studied 642 global websites and subscription-based mobile apps, examining the practices of companies worldwide alongside authorities from 26 nations. Sixty-seven percent of them were found to have deployed multiple “possible” dark patterns, while 76% used at least one." > **Smalley** 2024 > [FTC audit of websites and apps finds three-fourths use dark patterns to trick consumers](https://therecord.media/ftc-audit-finds-dark-patterns-global) App interactions allow personal data harvesting and third-party trade. "The Algorithm" or user feed, is called a Recommender System, and works to optimize user screentime based on closed-source electronic weights tailored to end-user input. This is necessary to determine how sensational something is, based on countless methods after a sufficient amount of app roaming is achieved. Some apps create a soft-identity of the user through roaming habits in order to increase screentime effectively. Tracking what part of the screen a user places their thumb gives insights into user feed lifetime, number of refreshes, and general navigation inside and before exiting the app. ### 4.4 Fitness & Health Apps > #### "However, although there is a wealth of research exploring the dangers of social media use in the development of maladaptive behaviors in young people, comparatively little attention has been paid to healthy eating and fitness mobile apps, despite their ability to become a tool for supporting restrictive eating behaviors." > **Honary & Colleagues** 2019 > [Understanding the Role of Healthy Eating and Fitness Mobile Apps in the Formation of Maladaptive Eating and Exercise Behaviors in Young People](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=10497122177948606253) ### 4.5 Facebook Files & Body Dysmorphia